continue...

maaflah ye

saya masih rajin untuk menaip...

kembali menerjah menambahkan ilmu..

DENGUE

outbreak occur when there are 2 or more cases

less than 14 days in single locality/within 400m radius/with

epidemiological relationship

actually the agents are arbovirus-dengue virus serotype I,II,III,IV

while the vector are aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus

there are 6 steps to prevents it which are :

1. case detection and investigation

2. adultciding using termol fog or ultra low volume fog

3. larvaciding by chemical (abate, temephos) or biological (fish)

4. search, destroy and source reduction

5. health promotion and publicity

6. gotong-royong

kalo ada je case, within 24 hours

pemeriksaan pembiakan aedes dan fog

ging akan diadakan

selalunya sampling akan dibuat

untuk tgk aedes index and breteau index

kalo ikut nilai PKD : AI > 1 & BI > 5

kalo ikut nilai WHO : AI > 5 & BI > 20

MALARIA

outbreak when there......don't know =(

agents are parasites-plasmodium falciparum/vivax/ovale/malariae

vector are anopheles dirus/sundicus/balabancesis ...dll

how to controls??

here we go....

1. active case detection

2. passive case detection

3. mass blood survey

4. health promotion, campaign and talk

5. regular ultra low volume fog and focal spray

6. anti larval operations - larvaciding

7. prophylactic insecticide treated bed net

TYPHOID

outbreak happen when there is

increasing cases in certain time in one locality

the source are from foods or water that had been contaminated

with feces and urine of person infected or carrier

agents is gram negative bacilli-salmonella thypi

it can be prevented by :

1. health education

2. environmental control by check or close the premise <50

3. immunization : typhim Vi & Ty21a

4. further check up for case and carrier

CHOLERA

outbreak when there is 1 or more cases in one time within one locality

agents involved is vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 & 0139

due to foods and water contamination

TUBERCULOSIS

no definition for outbreak

but very important to detect the contact when there is a case

prevention usually done by :

1. BCG vaccination

2. early screening when there are signs and symptoms of TB

3. behavioral act by using PPE

4. health education

data usually recorded in TBIS

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jom jejalan ke

HEALTH CLINIC

antara unit-unit yang ada ialah :

laboratory unit

pharmacy unit

out patient unit

school unit

maternal and child health unit

inilah tempat yang paling penting buat kaum ibu dan anak-anak

bermula dari seorang ibu itu mengandung hinggalah

anaknya berumur 6 tahun

mereka harus berulang-alik ke klinik kesihatan

tetapi kadang-kadang ada juga jururawat yang

melawat mereka di rumah@home visit

kalo nak cucuk-cucuk@immunization pun dekat sini

kalo tetiba ketika pemeriksaan

terdapat sesuatu komplikasi

atau perkara yang tak dapat dirawat oleh jururawat

pesakit akan diarahkan berjumpa dengan DR..

selain pemeriksaan untuk ibu yang mengandung,

terdapat juga aktiviti atau kaunseling untuk

wanita yang berada dalam lingkungan reproductive age

contohnya

kaunseling tentang penggunaan pil perancang keluarga,

pemeriksaan pap smear dll..

:: sebagai penutup ::

setiap peringkat dalam sistem

Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia nie

ada fungsi yang tertentu

bagi mengelakkan berlakunya

kesibukan di hospital yang memang sedia sibuk

...less than 10 hours for OSCE...